Relativistic Mass: Meaning, Theory, Formula, Examples, and Modern Perspective

Introduction In classical Newtonian physics, mass is considered an invariant quantity—a fixed property of an object that does not change regardless of how fast the object moves. However, the advent…

22° Halo: Meaning, Scientific Explanation, Formation Process, Myths, and Weather Significance

Introduction Occasionally, observers notice a large, luminous ring encircling the Moon or the Sun in the sky. This striking optical phenomenon is known as a 22° halo. While it often…

Is the Moon Hollow? A Scientific Examination of Lunar Structure, Myths, and Evidence

Introduction For decades, the idea that the Moon might be hollow has fascinated the public. From science-fiction novels to internet conspiracy theories, claims about a hollow Moon have circulated widely—often…

Indian Indigenous Processors: India’s Journey Toward Semiconductor Self-Reliance

Introduction In the digital age, microprocessors are the backbone of every modern technology — from smartphones and laptops to satellites, missiles, automobiles, power grids, and communication networks. Countries that design…

DHRUV64: India’s Strategic Leap Toward Semiconductor Self-Reliance

Introduction On 15 December 2025, the Government of India unveiled DHRUV64, the country’s first fully indigenous 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core microprocessor, developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing…

Winter Solstice on Sunday, December 21, 2025 – Shortest Day of the Year

The Winter Solstice on Sunday, December 21, 2025, marks one of the most significant astronomical events of the year. It is known as the Shortest Day of the Year, when…

What Are Ballast Resistors?

Understanding Ballast Resistors Function of ballast resistors in vehicles The ballast resistors regulate the current from the ignition coil to ensure an even and constant voltage supply to the ignition…

What Causes Ballast Resistor Failure

How Ballast Resistors Impact Ignition Systems Ballast resistors serve an important function in ignition systems. During engine startup, high voltage is required to permit sufficient current to flow to the…

How to Test and Identify PNP Transistors

What are PNP Transistors? The PNP transistor is a semiconductor construct basically composed of three layers: a P-type material, an N-type material, and a P-type material again. This leads to…

What Are PNP Transistors

What are PNP Transistors? A PNP transistor is a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) where the majority charge carriers are holes (positive charge). It is constructed with three layers…