The Indian judiciary has played a crucial role in shaping the legal and constitutional framework of the country. Over the years, several landmark judgments have set legal precedents, expanded fundamental rights, and strengthened the rule of law. These cases have had a profound impact on Indian society, governance, and jurisprudence.

Why Do We Study Landmark Judgments?

Studying landmark judgments is crucial because they shape legal interpretation, set judicial precedents, and impact governance and society. Here’s why they are important:

1️⃣ Establish Precedents for Future Cases

✅ Landmark cases set legal principles that courts follow in future judgments.
✅ For example, Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) established the Basic Structure Doctrine, limiting Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution.

2️⃣ Protect Fundamental Rights

✅ Many landmark rulings strengthen citizens’ rights under the Constitution.
✅ Example: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (2017) declared privacy a fundamental right, influencing data protection laws.

3️⃣ Influence Policy & Lawmaking

✅ Courts often direct the government to frame policies based on judicial rulings.
✅ Example: Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan (1997) led to workplace sexual harassment laws in India.

4️⃣ Strengthen Constitutional Interpretation

✅ The judiciary plays a key role in interpreting ambiguous or evolving legal provisions.
✅ Example: Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) decriminalized homosexuality, redefining personal liberty and equality.

5️⃣ Check on Executive & Legislative Power

✅ Courts prevent misuse of power by governments or public officials.
✅ Example: S. R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) restricted the misuse of President’s Rule under Article 356.

6️⃣ Ensure Social Justice & Reform

✅ Many judgments have played a role in social justice movements.
✅ Example: Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017) banned instant triple talaq, protecting Muslim women’s rights.

7️⃣ Help Students, Lawyers & Policymakers

✅ Law students learn how legal principles evolve over time.
✅ Lawyers & judges use precedents to argue and decide cases.
✅ Policymakers frame better laws based on judicial guidelines.

Landmark judgments are the backbone of the legal system because they define how laws apply in real-life situations. They influence governance, protect individual rights, and ensure justice in society.

Some Important Landmark Judgments in India

Note: This page provides a brief overview of significant judgments. For more detailed information, please refer to authoritative legal sources or consult legal professionals.