Bharat Ratna: India’s Highest Civilian Award

The Bharat Ratna, which translates to “Jewel of India,” is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, it represents the nation’s highest recognition for exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavor. The award epitomizes the respect and gratitude of the nation towards individuals whose contributions have left an indelible mark on society.

Historical Background

The Bharat Ratna was established by then-President Dr. Rajendra Prasad in January 1954. The initial criteria for the award emphasized achievements in the fields of arts, literature, science, and public services. Over the years, the scope expanded to include “any field of human endeavor,” reflecting the evolving ethos of a diverse and dynamic nation.

Design of the Award

The Bharat Ratna medallion is distinctive in its simplicity and elegance:

• It is designed in the shape of a peepal leaf.
• The medallion is made of toned bronze, with the words “Bharat Ratna” inscribed in Devanagari script on the obverse.
• A sunburst design adorns the upper half, symbolizing enlightenment and brilliance.
• The reverse side bears the State Emblem of India and the national motto, “Satyameva Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs).

The award is worn around the neck with a white ribbon, and no monetary grant accompanies the honor.

Eligibility and Selection Process

The Bharat Ratna is open to all citizens, regardless of race, occupation, position, or gender. In fact, non-Indians who have made extraordinary contributions to Indian society can also be considered for this prestigious honor.

The President of India confers the award based on recommendations from the Prime Minister. The number of annual awards is limited to three in a calendar year, ensuring that only the most deserving individuals are recognized.

Fields of Recognition

While initially limited to specific fields, the Bharat Ratna now acknowledges achievements across a wide spectrum of disciplines, including but not limited to:

• Literature and Education
• Arts and Culture
• Science and Technology
• Public Service
• Sports (included in 2014)
• Social Work and Activism

This inclusivity underscores the diverse avenues through which individuals can contribute to the nation’s progress.

Notable Recipients

Since its inception, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to some of the most distinguished individuals in India and beyond. Here are a few notable recipients:

Pioneers in Arts and Literature

• Rabindranath Tagore (Posthumous, 1961): Celebrated poet, philosopher, and the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• M.S. Subbulakshmi (1998): Iconic Carnatic vocalist known for her contribution to Indian classical music.

Leaders in Science and Technology

• C.V. Raman (1954): Nobel Laureate in Physics for his groundbreaking work in light scattering.
• Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1997): Renowned scientist and former President of India, popularly known as the “Missile Man of India.”

Visionaries in Public Service

• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Posthumous, 1990): Architect of the Indian Constitution and champion of social justice.
• Nelson Mandela (1990): Former President of South Africa and a global symbol of peace and anti-apartheid struggle.

Contributions in Sports

• Sachin Tendulkar (2014): Cricketing legend and the first sportsperson to receive the Bharat Ratna.

Posthumous Awards

The Bharat Ratna can be conferred posthumously, honoring individuals whose legacies endure beyond their lifetimes. Luminaries like Mahatma Gandhi—though surprisingly never a recipient of the Bharat Ratna—inspired the practice of recognizing extraordinary contributions even after an individual’s passing.

Controversies and Criticism

Despite its prestige, the Bharat Ratna has not been immune to criticism. Some controversies include:

1. Political Bias: Allegations of favoritism in selections, with political considerations sometimes overshadowing merit.
2. Exclusion of Deserving Figures: Eminent personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and J.R.D. Tata have notably been left out.
3. Limited Sports Representation: The inclusion of sports as a recognized field came only in 2014, which some argue was long overdue.

Significance of the Award

The Bharat Ratna is not merely an award but a symbol of national pride. It serves multiple purposes:

• Inspiration for Excellence: It encourages individuals to excel in their respective fields, knowing their contributions will be valued.
• Recognition of Diversity: By honoring contributions from varied disciplines, it reflects the multifaceted growth of the nation.
• Global Prestige: Recipients of the Bharat Ratna elevate India’s status on the world stage.

Conclusion

The Bharat Ratna stands as a testament to India’s rich heritage, resilience, and progressive outlook. It celebrates the contributions of extraordinary individuals who shape the nation’s destiny. While challenges and criticisms persist, the award’s significance remains undiminished. By continuing to honor those who exemplify the highest ideals of service and excellence, the Bharat Ratna upholds the values enshrined in the Indian Constitution and inspires generations to come.

Explore here https://www.mha.gov.in/en/media/awards-medals