India’s Role in Global Diplomacy: From BRICS to G7
Introduction
India has emerged as a pivotal player in global diplomacy in the 21st century. As the world navigates multipolarity, technological shifts, and climate challenges, India’s voice has become increasingly influential — not just in forums like BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), but also in elite western-led groupings like the G7, where India participates as a valued partner. This strategic dual engagement highlights India’s unique position: a democratic, developing nation with global ambitions, capable of bridging divides between the Global South and Global North.
India’s Historical Approach to Global Diplomacy
India’s foreign policy has evolved significantly since independence in 1947. Initially anchored in non-alignment, India stayed away from Cold War blocs while advocating for decolonization and global peace.
In recent decades, however, India has transitioned to a multi-alignment strategy — forging strategic ties with the United States, Russia, the European Union, and emerging economies alike. This approach enables India to pursue independent foreign policy objectives while being a reliable partner in multilateral institutions.
India in BRICS: A Foundational Pillar
What is BRICS?
Formed in 2009 (with South Africa joining in 2010), BRICS is a coalition of major emerging economies aiming to reshape the global economic order and reduce dependence on Western-dominated institutions like the IMF and World Bank.
India’s Key Contributions:
- New Development Bank (NDB): India has been instrumental in creating and supporting the NDB, which funds infrastructure and development in member countries.
- Currency and Trade Diversification: India supports BRICS’ efforts to reduce reliance on the US dollar and strengthen regional trade in local currencies.
- Technology and Innovation: India leads initiatives in digital public infrastructure, fintech, and cybersecurity collaboration within BRICS.
- Geopolitical Balance: India provides ideological balance within BRICS, often mediating between China and Russia’s assertive positions and the group’s economic agenda.
Challenges Within BRICS:
- Tensions with China, especially over border disputes.
- Differing political systems and development priorities.
- BRICS’ limited collective action in geopolitical crises.
Despite these challenges, India remains committed to BRICS as a platform to elevate the voice of the Global South and reform multilateralism.
India and the G7: From Guest to Global Partner
While not a formal member, India has been a regular invitee to the G7 summits, especially over the past decade. The G7 recognizes India as an indispensable partner in tackling global challenges like:
- Climate Change and Green Energy
- Health Security (Post-COVID)
- Supply Chain Diversification
- Democratic Values and Digital Governance
India at G7 Summits:
- 2021 (UK): PM Modi virtually joined discussions on climate, vaccine equity, and open societies.
- 2022 (Germany): India pushed for resilient economies and digital transformation.
- 2023 (Japan): India emphasized Global South concerns and AI ethics.
- 2025 (Canada – Upcoming): India is set to participate again, with climate finance, AI, and Ukraine conflict likely on the agenda.
Significance of India’s Participation:
- It reflects global acknowledgment of India’s demographic strength, economic potential, and strategic value.
- India bridges Western democracies with the Global South, offering legitimacy to G7 actions.
- India uses the platform to push for inclusive, transparent, and fairer global governance.
Strategic Balancing: BRICS vs. G7
India’s simultaneous involvement with BRICS and G7 is not contradictory but rather a calculated diplomatic balancing act.
| Dimension | BRICS | G7 |
|---|---|---|
| Ideology | Multipolar, South-South cooperation | Western liberal democracies |
| Key Focus | Development finance, economic justice | Security, climate, innovation |
| India’s Role | Co-founder, voice of moderation | Bridge between Global South and G7 |
| Major Benefits | Economic support, alternate narratives | Strategic partnerships, global leadership |
This strategy aligns with India’s “Vishwa Bandhu” (Friend to the World) vision — advocating for peace, dialogue, and sustainable growth across ideological divides.
India’s Global Diplomacy in the 2020s
India’s increasing stature on the world stage is backed by several strategic initiatives and achievements:
1. G20 Presidency (2023):
India’s theme “One Earth, One Family, One Future” showcased its leadership in inclusive diplomacy, global digital public goods, and climate responsibility.
2. International Solar Alliance (ISA):
Spearheaded by India, the ISA promotes solar energy cooperation among more than 100 countries.
3. Quad & Indo-Pacific Diplomacy:
India is a founding member of the Quad (India, USA, Japan, Australia), focusing on maritime security, tech sharing, and countering China’s assertiveness.
4. Africa & Global South Engagement:
India’s outreach to Africa, Latin America, and small island nations underscores its commitment to equitable global development.
Challenges Ahead
Despite its growing clout, India faces some diplomatic challenges:
- Managing tensions with China, especially in forums like BRICS and SCO.
- Addressing climate expectations while ensuring energy security.
- Balancing strategic autonomy with deepening ties to the West.
- Navigating global conflicts (e.g., Russia-Ukraine) without taking sides.
Conclusion
India’s role in global diplomacy is multi-faceted, strategic, and steadily expanding. Its ability to navigate between diverse platforms like BRICS and G7 illustrates its emergence as a responsible global power. By championing inclusive growth, climate justice, and democratic values, India is uniquely positioned to shape the future of international cooperation.
As the geopolitical axis continues to shift, India’s diplomacy — rooted in dialogue, development, and digital innovation — will be crucial in building a more equitable, peaceful, and multipolar world.
